North Dakota
This page provides a breakdown of all major developments and right to counsel
law that the NCCRC knows for this state, sorted by subject area. Click on
either tab below to see the aspect it describes.
| Color Key |
Explanation |
|
Categorical Right To Counsel
|
There is a right to counsel without qualification for all indigent individuals in this type of case (except that the individual may be required to request counsel). |
|
Discretionary Appointment Of Counsel
|
Courts are permitted but not required to appoint counsel for any indigent individual in this type of case. A request may be required. |
|
Right Or Appointment Is Qualified
|
The established right to counsel or discretionary appointment of counsel is limited in some way, including: the only authority comes from a lower/intermediate court decision or a city government, not a high court or state legislature; a case has cast doubt on prior authority; a statute is ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment is not for all individuals or proceedings within that type of case. |
|
No Such Proceeding
|
This state has no law creating a judicial proceeding of this type. |
|
No Authorization, But Relevant Materials
|
While this state does not provide for or require appointment of counsel with respect to the given subject area, it does have something (such as a report or bar policy) that supports the right to or appointment of counsel for this subject area. |
|
Other
|
Because the "Other subject areas” category can include developments from different subject areas that do not work the same way as each other, a blanket categorization of this category is not possible. |
Abuse/Neglect/Dependency - Accused Parents
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
There is a right to counsel for indigent parents at most stages of the abuse/neglect proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Abuse/Neglect/Dependency - Children
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
New North Dakota law strengthens right to counsel for kids
04/28/2021
A 2021 law guarantees counsel for children in abuse/neglect cases provided the children are of sufficient age and maturity.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Civil Contempt in Family Court
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
The North Dakota Supreme Court found a federal due process right to counsel in civil contempt proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Civil Commitment
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
There is a right to counsel for indigent subjects of civil commitment proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
no
Read more about this
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
The North Dakota Supreme Court found a federal due process right to counsel in civil commitment proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
no
Read more about this
Custody Disputes - Children
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Discretionary appointment of attorney ad litem
03/28/2023
The court may appoint an attorney ad litem for children in certain proceedings regarding parenting time, custody, or visitation.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
discretionary
yes
Read more about this
Guardianship/Conservatorship of Children - Child (incomplete)
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Discretionary appoitnment of attorney ad litem
03/28/2023
Minors may be appointed an attorney ad litem in matters related to conservatorships or other protective orders.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
discretionary
yes
Read more about this
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Discretionary appointment of counsel
Children in private guardianship proceedings may be entitled to an attorney.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
discretionary
yes
Read more about this
Guardianship/Conservatorship of Children - Parent or Guardian (incomplete)
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
North Dakota ensures counsel for parents in guardianship cases
05/01/2019
A 2019 law change provides a right to counsel for parents in private guardianship proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Guardianship/Conservatorship of Adults - Protected Person
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
03/28/2023
There is a right to an attorney in guardianship proceedings, but the attorney serves in an ad litem capacity.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Incarceration for Fees/Fines (incomplete)
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
The North Dakota Supreme Court found a federal due process right to counsel in civil contempt proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Involuntary Medical Treatment (incomplete)
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to attorney ad litem
03/28/2023
Persons subject to guardianship have the right to an attorney ad litem where involuntary treatment with psychiatric medications is sought.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Quarantine/Isolation
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
There is only a right to counsel for individuals or groups with a subject to a quarantine or isolation petition.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Sexually Dangerous Persons - Commitment
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
There is a right to counsel for indigent respondents in sexually violent person commitment proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
no
Read more about this
Termination of Parental Rights (Private) - Children
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
Children have a right to counsel for adoptions conducted under the Juvenile Code, but it is discretionary under the Adoption Code.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Termination of Parental Rights (State) - Children
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
04/28/2021
A 2021 law guarantees counsel for children in parental termination cases provided the children are of sufficient age and maturity.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
Termination of Parental Rights (Private) - Birth Parents
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
The ND Supreme Court found a right to counsel for indigent parents in adoption cases under the state constitution's equal protection clause.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
no
Read more about this
Termination of Parental Rights (State) - Birth Parents
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
Indigent parents have a right to counsel in termination of parental rights proceedings.
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
no
Read more about this
Truancy - Petition Against Child
While a state may have many statutes, court decisions, or court rules governing
appointment of counsel for a particular subject area, a "Key Development" is a
statute/decision/rule that prevails over the others (example: a state high court
decision finding a categorical right to counsel in guardianships cases takes
precedence over a statute saying appointment in guardianship cases is
discretionary).
Right to counsel
Indigent children in North Dakota have a qualified right to counsel in truancy cases (which are treated as an "unruly child" matter).
If "yes",
the established right to counsel or
discretionary appointment of counsel
is
limited
in some way, including any of: the only authority
is a
lower/intermediate court decision or a city council,
not a high court or state legislature; there
has been
a subsequent case that
has
cast doubt; a statute
is
ambiguous; or the right or discretionary appointment
is not
for all types of individuals or proceedings
within that category.
categorical
yes
Read more about this
| Subject Area |
Status |
| Abuse/Neglect/Dependency - Accused Parents |
qualified |
| Abuse/Neglect/Dependency - Children |
qualified |
| Adult Protective Proceedings - Protected Person (incomplete) |
|
| All Basic Human Needs |
|
| Benefits - Claimant |
|
| Bypass of Parental Input into Abortion - Minor (Pre-Dobbs) |
|
| Child Support Establishment |
|
| Civil Contempt in Family Court |
qualified |
| Civil Commitment |
categorical |
| Forfeiture (incomplete) |
|
| Consumer or Other Debt |
|
| Custody Disputes - Parents |
|
| Custody Disputes - Children |
qualified |
| Divorce |
|
| Domestic Violence - Accused Person |
|
| Domestic Violence - Alleged Victim |
|
| Education - Special Education |
|
| Employment Discrimination |
|
| Guardianship/Conservatorship of Children - Child (incomplete) |
qualified |
| Guardianship/Conservatorship of Children - Parent or Guardian (incomplete) |
qualified |
| Guardianship/Conservatorship of Adults - Protected Person |
qualified |
| Health Care Access |
|
| Housing - Discrimination |
|
| Housing - Evictions |
|
| Housing - General |
|
| Immigration |
|
| Issues Related to Incarcerated People |
|
| Incarceration for Fees/Fines (incomplete) |
qualified |
| Involuntary Medical Treatment (incomplete) |
qualified |
| Paternity - Defendant/Respondent |
|
| Paternity - Petitioner or Child |
|
| Quarantine/Isolation |
qualified |
| Sexually Dangerous Persons - Commitment |
categorical |
| Sexually Dangerous Persons - Registration/Notification |
|
| Sterilization |
|
| Termination of Parental Rights (Private) - Children |
qualified |
| Termination of Parental Rights (State) - Children |
qualified |
| Termination of Parental Rights (Private) - Birth Parents |
categorical |
| Termination of Parental Rights (State) - Birth Parents |
categorical |
| Truancy - Petition Against Child |
qualified |
Go back to Status Map
